Return to Publications List Research Index [Navigate to MAIN MENU ]

FLIES & MOTHS BREEDING IN ORGANIC WASTES

AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES

(Musca, Stomoxys, Fannia, Tinea, etc.)

Please CLICK on publication number to view:

27. Legner, E. F. 1965. Un complejo de los artrópodos que influyen los estadios juveniles de Musca domestica L. en Puerto Rico. Carib. J. Sci. 5(3-4): 109-115.

28. Legner, E. F. 1965. Natural and induced control of houseflies with parasites in southern California. The Calif. Golden Egg 4(6): 18.

33. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & C. W. McCoy. 1965. Parasitic natural regulatory agents attacking Musca domestica L. in Puerto Rico. J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 49(3): 368-376.

35. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay, H. W. Brydon & C. W. McCoy. 1966. Research with parasites for biological control of house flies in southern California. Calif. Agric. 20(4): 10-12.

36. Legner, E. F. 1966. Parasites of the house fly and other filth-breeding Diptera in southern California. J. Econ. Entomol. 59(4): 999-1001.

37. Legner, E. F. & C. W. McCoy. 1966. The housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, as an exotic species in the Western Hemisphere incites biological control studies. Canad. Entomol. 98(3): 243-248.

38. Legner, E. F. & H. W. Brydon. 1966. Suppression of dung inhabiting fly populations by pupal parasites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(4) 638-651.

40. White, E. B. & E. F. Legner. 1966. Notes on the life history of Aleochara taeniata, a staphylinid parasite of the house fly, Musca domestica. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(3): 573-577.

44. Legner et al. (with V. E. Burton, A. S. Deal, W. C. Fairbanks, G. P. Georghiou, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson). 1966. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. Serv. Publ. AXT-72, Rev. 16 pp.

46. Legner, E. F. 1967. Behavior changes the reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, S. endius, Muscidifurax raptor, and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at increasing fly host densities. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(4): 819-826.

47. Legner, E. F. 1967. The status of Nasonia vitripennis as a natural parasite of the house fly, Musca domestica. Canad. Entomol. 99(3): 308-309.

48. Legner, E. F. & D. Gerling. 1967. Host-feeding and oviposition on Musca domestica by Spalangia cameroni, Nasonia vitripennis, and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) influences their longevity and fecundity. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(3): 678-691.

49. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & E. B. White. 1967. Activity of parasites from Diptera: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Fannia canicularis and F. femoralis, at sites in the Western Hemisphere. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(2): 462-468.

50. Bennett, F. D. & E. F. Legner. 1967. Memorandum on the possibilities of biological control of the muscid flies by hymenopterous parasites. Wld. Hlth. Org. VBC/67.22. 12 pp.

52. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1968. The biological method and integrated control of house and stable flies in California. Calif. Agric. 22(6): 1-4.

53. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1968. Activity of parasites from Diptera: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, and species of Fannia, Muscina, and Ophyra II. at sites in the Eastern Hemisphere and Pacific area. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61(5): 1306-1314.

54. Gerling, D. & E. F. Legner. 1968. Developmental history and reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, parasite of synanthropic flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61(6): 1436-1443.

56. Legner et al. (with Anderson, J. R., A. S. Deal, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson). 1968. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. Serv. Publ. AXT-72. Rev. 13 pp.

57. Legner, E. F. 1969. Adult emergence interval and reproduction in parasitic Hymenoptera influenced by host size and density. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(1): 220-226.

61. Legner, E. F. & D. J. Greathead. 1969. Parasitism of pupae in East African populations of Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(1): 128-133

63. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1970. The introduction of natural enemies in California for the biological control of noxious flies and gnats. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 37: 126-129.

66. Legner, E. F. 1970. Contemporary considerations on the biological suppression of noxious brachycerous Diptera that breed in accumulated animal wastes. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 38: 88-89.

68. Legner et al. (with Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P. Georghiou, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson). 1970-1971. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. AXT-72. 16 pp

70. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1970. Worldwide survey and comparison of adult predator and scavenger insect populations associated with domestic animal manure where livestock is artificially congregated. Hilgardia 40(9): 225-266.

72. Legner, E. F. 1971. Some effects of the ambient arthropod complex on the density and potential parasitization of muscoid Diptera in poultry wastes. J. Econ. Entomol. 64(1): 111-115.

74. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1971. Distribution and relative abundance of dipterous pupae and their parasitoids in accumulations of domestic animal manure in the southwestern United States. Hilgardia 40(14): 505-535.

80. Legner, E. F. 1972. Observations on hybridization and heterosis in parasitoids of synanthropic flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 65(1): 254-263.

85. Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P. Georghiou, E. F. Legner, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson. 1972. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Publ. AXT-72. 18 pp

88. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1972. Inundation with parasitic insects to control filth breeding flies in California. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 40: 129-130.

90. Legner, E. F. & J. H. Poorbaugh, Jr. 1972. Biological control of vector and noxious synanthropic flies: a review. Calif. State Dept. Publ. Health, Vector Views 19(11): 81-100.

94. Legner, E. F. & W. R. Bowen. 1973. Influence of available poultry manure breeding habitat on emergence density of synanthropic flies (Diptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 66(3): 533-538.

95. Legner, E. F. & R. E. Eastwood. 1973. Seasonal and spatial distribution of Tinea fuscipunctella on poultry ranches. J. Econ. Entomol. 66(3): 685-687.

96. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1973. House fly breeding and associated parasitoids in decaying melon fields. J. Econ. Entomol. 66(4): 909-911.

98. Legner, E. F., W. R. Bowen, W. D. McKeen, W. F. Rooney & R. F. Hobza. 1973. Inverse relationships between mass of breeding habitat and synanthropic fly emergence and the measurement of population densities with sticky tapes in California inland valleys. Environ. Entomol. 2(2): 199-205.

112. Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & I. M. Hall. 1974. The biological control of medically important arthropods. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 4(1): 85-113.

120. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1974. Biology of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of synanthropic Diptera. Canad. Entomol. 106(8): 785-800.

127. Legner, E. F., B. B. Sugerman, H.-S. Yu and H. Lum. 1974. Biological and integrated control of the bush fly, Musca sorbens Wiedemann and other filth breeding Diptera in Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 1: 1-14.

131. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1975. Winter inoculative releases of parasitoids to reduce houseflies in poultry manure. J. Econ. Entomol. 68(1): 35-38.

133. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1974. Effectiveness of supervised control practices in lowering population densities of synanthropic flies on poultry ranches. Entomophaga 19(4): 467-478.

134. Legner, E. F., W. R. Bowen, W. F. Rooney, W. D. McKeen & G. W. Johnston. 1975. Integrated fly control on poultry ranches. Calif. Agric. 29(5): 8-10.

143. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1975. Filth fly sources in decaying melon fields in southern California's low deserts. Calif. Agric. 29(1): 10-11.

152. Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P. Georghiou, E. F. Legner, & M. H. Swanson. 1975. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Leaflet 2505. 17 pp.

155. Legner, E. F. 1976. The Musca sorbens Wiedemann complex in Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. Entomol. News 87(1-2): 39-48.

157. Legner, E. F. 1976. Low storage temperature effects on the reproductive potential of three parasites of Musca domestica. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 69(3): 435-441.

159. Legner, E. F., G. S. Olton, R. E. Eastwood & E. J. Dietrick. 1975. Seasonal density, distribution and interactions of predatory and scavenger arthropods in accumulating poultry wastes in coastal and interior southern California. Entomophaga 20(3): 269-283.

162. Legner, E. F., I. Moore & G. S. Olton. 1976. Tabular keys and biological notes to common parasitoids and synanthropic Diptera breeding in accumulated animal wastes. Entomol. News 87(3 & 4): 113-144.

164. Bay, E. C., C. O. Berg, H. C. Chapman & E. F. Legner. 1976. Biological control of medical and veterinary pests. In: "Theory and Practice of Biological Control," p. 457-79. C. B. Huffaker (ed.). Academic Press, Inc., New York, London.

169. Legner, E. F. 1977. Temperature, humidity and depth of habitat influencing host destruction and fecundity of muscoid fly parasites. Entomophaga 22(2): 199-206.

175. Legner, E. F. & I. Moore. 1977. The larva of Platystethus spiculus Erichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and its occurrence in bovine feces in irrigated pastures. Psyche 84(2): 158-164.

176. Legner, E. F. 1978. Part I: Parasites and predators introduced against arthropod pests. Diptera. In: Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a World Review (C. P. Clausen, ed.), pp. 335-39; 346-55. Agric. Handbk. No. 480, ARS, USDA, U. S. Govt. Printing Off., Wash., D. C. 545 pp

178. Legner, E. F. 1978. Natural enemies imported in California for the biological control of face fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, and horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 46: 77-79.

182. Legner, E. F. 1979. Prolonged culture and inbreeding effects on reproductive rates of two pteromalid parasites of muscoid flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1): 114-118.

183. Legner, E. F. 1979. Reproduction of Spalangia endius, Muscidifurax raptor and M. zaraptor on fresh vs. refrigerated fly hosts. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1): 155-157.

189. Legner, E. F. 1979. The relationship between host destruction and parasite reproductive potential in Muscidifurax raptor, M. zaraptor, and Spalangia endius [Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 24(2): 145-152.

200. Legner, E. F. 1981. Improving commercial biological control of filth flies with parasites. pp. 5-10. In: U. S. Dept. Agric. Publ. A-106.2F64, "Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies." 212 pp.

201. Legner, E. F. et al. (with E. C. Loomis, J. R. Anderson, W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, R. A. Ernst & G. P. Georghiou). 1981. Integrated management of pest flies on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Leaflet 2505: 18 pp.

202. Legner, E. F., D. J. Greathead & I. Moore. 1981. Equatorial East African predatory and scavenger arthropods in bovine excrement. Environ. Entomol. 10(5): 620-625.

206. Legner, E. F. & M. E. Badgley. 1982. Improved parasites for filth fly control. Calif. Agric. 36(9 & 10): 27.

207. Legner, E. F., E. J. Dietrick & D. J. Blehm. 1982. New parasitic insects for biological control of synanthropic flies. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 50: 45-47.

213. Legner, E. F. 1983. Broadened view of Muscidifurax parasites associated with endophilous synanthropic flies and sibling species in the Spalangia endius complex. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 47-48.

214. Legner, E. F. 1983. Requirements for appraisal of the role of parasitic insects in the natural control of synanthropic Diptera. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 97-98.

215. Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin. 1983. Questions concerning the dynamics of Onthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with symbovine flies in the lower Colorado Desert of California. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 99-101.

218. Legner, E. F. 1985. Effects of scheduled high temperature on male production in thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Entomol. 117(3): 383-389.

220. Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin. 1985. Genetic improvement and inbreeding effects in culture of beneficial arthropods. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 52: 156-161.

222. Legner, E. F. 1985. Natural and induced sex ratio changes in populations of thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 78(3): 398-402.

227. Legner, E. F. 1986. The requirement for reassessment of interactions among dung beetles, symbovine flies and natural enemies. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Misc. Publ. 61: 120-131.

228. Legner, E. F. 1986. Breeding superior parasitoids of Diptera using a novel extranuclear inheritance mechanism. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 44: 156-159.

229. Legner, E. F. 1986. Trapping efficiency of exophilous synanthropic Diptera increased through considerations of behavior. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 54: 160-162.

230. Legner, E. F. 1987. Transfer of thelytoky to arrhenotokous Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Entomol. 119(3): 265-271

232. Legner, E. F. 1987. Pattern of thelytoky acquisition in Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 12(2): 517-527.

233. Legner, E. F. 1987. Inheritance of gregarious and solitary oviposition in Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Entomol. 119(9): 791-808.

234. Legner, E. F. 1987. Some quantitative aspects of inheritance in breeding synanthropic fly parasitoids. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 12(2); 528- 533.

238. Legner, E. F. 1988. Quantitation of heterotic behavior in parasitic Hymenoptera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 81(4): 657-681.

239. Legner, E. F. 1988. Hybridization in principal parasitoids of synanthropic Diptera: the genus Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Hilgardia 56(4): 36 pp.

241. Legner, E. F. 1988. Studies of four thelytokous Puerto Rican isolates of Muscidifurax uniraptor [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 33(3); 269-280.

245 Legner, E. F. 1989. Fly parasitic wasp, Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) invigorated through insemination by males of different races. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 14(2): 291-300.

246. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1989. Coexistence of predatory Muscina stabulans and Ophyra aenescens [Dipt.: Muscidae] with dipterous prey in poultry manure. Entomophaga 34(4): 453-461.

251. Legner, E. F., W. D. McKeen & R. W. Warkentin. 1990. Inoculation and spread of parasitic wasps to control filth flies in poultry houses. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 57: 146-150.

252. Legner, E. F., W. D. McKeen & R. W. Warkentin. 1990. Inoculation of three pteromalid wasp species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) increases parasitism and mortality of Musca domestica L. pupae in poultry manure. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 15(2): 149-155

253. Legner, E. F. 1990. Increasing parasitism and mortality of synanthropic Muscidae. Proc. 2nd Intern. Cong. Dipterology, Bratislava, Aug 27 - Sept. 1, 1990: 131.

256. Legner, E. F. 1991c. Influence of Onthophagus gazella on hornfly, Haematobia irritans density in irrigated pastures. Entomophaga 36: 547-53.

261. Legner, E. F. 1995. Biological control of Diptera of medical and veterinary importance. J. Vector Ecology 20(1): 59-120.

262. Legner. E. F. 1995. Host specificity patterns and determinants in hymenopterous parasitoids: constraint to the use of new associations. In: Paper No. 62, Abstracts 13th International Plant Protection Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands, 2-7 July 1995. European J. Plant Pathology, Kluwer Academic Publ.

264. Etzel, L. K. & E. F. Legner. 1999. Culture and Colonization. In: T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds.), Chapter 15, p. 125-197, Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1046 p.

265. Gordh, G., E. F. Legner & L. E. Caltagirone. 1999. Biology of parasitic Hymenoptera. In: T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds.), Chapter 15, p. 355-381, Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1046 p.

266. Garcia, R. & E. F. Legner. 1999. Biological control of medical and veterinary pests. In: T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds.), Chapter 15, p. 935-953, Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1046 pp.